Continuing Bonds in grieving men: A comparative description of Costa Rica and Spain.

Continuing Bonds among grieving men from Costa Rica and Spain were compared, with the primary hypothesis that there would be significant differences between the two groups. A descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional research study was conducted. Non-probability and convenience sampling was employed, involving 227 grieving men who completed an online questionnaire comprising sociodemographic data, mediators of mourning, and the Continuing Bonds Scale. The results did not reveal significant differences in Continuing Bonds expressions. However, upon controlling for the interaction between degree of kinship with the deceased person, notable differences emerged in Continuing Bonds and internalized and externalized Continuing Bonds (p < 0.05). The influence of sociocultural factors in each country on Continuing Bonds expressions is considered. The findings could support the development of strategies centered on grieving men, Continuing Bonds, and their specific needs.

Continuidad de vínculos, hombres y mujeres en duelo por un ser querido: un análisis secundario / Continuing bonds, men, and women in bereavement: A secondary analysis

Introducción: El duelo es una respuesta compleja ante la pérdida de un ser querido que exhibe diferentes rutas para su ajuste, la continuidad de vínculos forma parte de su naturaleza. Objetivo: Analizar la experiencia de duelo por un ser querido en hombres y mujeres relacionada a percepción de cercanía con la persona fallecida, continuidad de vínculos y diagnósticos de Enfermería. Materiales y Métodos: Análisis secundario. Muestra a conveniencia de 251 dolientes, adultos, residentes de Canarias, hispanohablantes. Recolección con encuesta en línea compuesta por características sociodemográficas y de salud, y relacionadas con la pérdida, Escala de inclusión del otro en el yo, Escala de Continuidad de Vínculos y diagnósticos de Enfermería. Se utilizó análisis descriptivo, U de Mann-Whitney, coeficiente de Spearman. Nivel de significancia p<0,05. Resultados: Edad media de 45,09 años ±10,38. Un 22,70% (57) fue hombre, 77,30% (194) mujer. Se identificaron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres en percepción de cercanía con el fallecido (p<0,05), y relaciones significativas entre percepción de cercanía con el fallecido, continuidad de vínculos y diagnósticos de Enfermería (p=0,001). Discusión: Al confrontar los resultados con otros estudios se presentan algunas consistencias y diferencias en el comportamiento de las variables demostrando el dinamismo del fenómeno. Conclusiones: Para este grupo de participantes, la experiencia de duelo no estaría ligada a construcciones sociales de género si no que contesta a una respuesta de afrontamiento según sus necesidades. La comprensión del proceso de duelo permite a la Enfermería de Salud Mental implementar acciones fundamentadas en el Proceso de Enfermería.

Introduction: Grief is a complex response to the loss of a loved one with different ways of adjustment, and Continuing Bonds are part of its nature. Objective: To analyze men's and women's experiences of grief in terms of perception of closeness to the deceased, Continuing Bonds, and Nursing diagnoses. Materials and Methods: Secondary analysis. A convenience sample of 251 Spanish-speaking adult mourners, residents of the Canary Islands, was used. Data was collected via an online survey consisting of socio-demographic, health, and loss-related characteristics, the Inclusion of Other in the Self scale, the Continuing Bonds Scale, and Nursing diagnoses. Descriptive analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman's coefficient were used. Level of significance p<0.05. Results: The mean age was 45.09 years ±10.38 years; 22.70% (57) were male, and 77.30% (194) were female. Significant differences were found between men and women in the perception of closeness to the deceased (p<0.05), and significant relationships were found between the perception of closeness to the deceased, Continuing Bonds, and Nursing diagnoses (p=0.001). Discussion: A comparison of the results with other studies shows some consistencies and differences in the behavior of the variables, demonstrating the dynamism of the phenomenon. Conclusions: For this group of participants, the experience of grief would not be linked to social constructions of gender but instead respond to a coping response according to their needs. Understanding the grieving process allows Mental Health Nursing to implement interventions based on the Nursing Process.

Introdução: O luto é uma resposta complexa à perda de um ente querido que apresenta diferentes caminhos de ajustamento, a continuidade dos laços faz parte da sua natureza. Objetivo: Analisar a vivência do luto por um ente querido em homens e mulheres relacionada à percepção de proximidade com a pessoa falecida, continuidade de vínculos e diagnósticos de Enfermagem. Materiais e Métodos: Análise secundária. Amostra para conveniência de 251 enlutados, adultos, residentes nas Ilhas Canárias, falantes de espanhol. Coleção com inquérito online composto por características sociodemográficas e de saúde, e relacionadas à perda, Escala de inclusão do outro no eu, Escala de Continuidade de Vínculos e diagnósticos de Enfermagem. Foram utilizadas análise descritiva, U de Mann-Whitney, coeficiente de Spearman. Nível de significância p<0,05. Resultados: Idade média de 45,09 anos ±10,38. 22,70% (57) eram homens, 77,30% (194) eram mulheres. Foram identificadas diferenças significativas entre homens e mulheres na percepção de proximidade com o falecido (p<0,05), e relações significativas entre percepção de proximidade com o falecido, continuidade de vínculos e diagnósticos de Enfermagem (p=0,001). Discussão: Ao comparar os resultados com outros estudos, apresentam-se algumas consistências e diferenças no comportamento das variáveis, demonstrando o dinamismo do fenômeno. Conclusões: Para este grupo de participantes, a vivência do luto não estaria ligada a construções sociais de género, mas responde a uma resposta de enfrentamento de acordo com as suas necessidades. A compreensão do processo de luto permite à Enfermagem em Saúde Mental implementar ações pautadas no Processo de Enfermagem.

Knowledge of Diabetic Retinopathy among Primary Care Nurses Performing Fundus Photography and Agreement with Ophthalmologists on Screening.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), with macular oedema being one of the leading causes of avoidable blindness among individuals with DM worldwide. Fundus screening is the only method for early detection and treatment. High-quality training programmes for professionals performing primary care screening are essential to produce high-quality images that facilitate accurate lesion identification. This is a two-phase observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. The first phase analysed DR knowledge in a sample of nurses. The second phase explored agreement on DR screening between referral ophthalmologists in image assessment (gold standard) and a small group of nurses involved in the previous phase. In phase 1, the agreement rate for screening results was 90%. In phase 2, the overall raw agreement on the screening of fundus photography results between nurses and ophthalmologists was 75% (Cohen's kappa = 0.477; p < 0.001). Agreement on screening with ophthalmologists was moderate, suggesting that implementing a specific training programme for nurse-led imaging screening would help develop this competence among nurses, ensuring a good level of agreement and patient safety and adding value for users, and also for the sustainability of the healthcare system. This study was not registered.

Psychosocial Care Needs, Personality Styles, and Coping Strategies of Mourners in a Rural Municipality in Spain: An Observational Study.

Grieving is a natural, self-limiting process of adaptation to a new reality following a significant loss, either real or perceived, with a wide range of manifestations that have an impact on the health of the grieving individual. This study aims to analyse the relationships between interpersonal styles, coping strategies, and psychosocial care needs in a sample of mourners in a rural municipality. Initial hypothesis: there are associations between types of grief and psychosocial needs, as well as between types of grief and interpersonal styles or coping strategies. An observational, descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 123 people. Female participants represented 64.2% of all participants. The mean age was 42.7 (±13.2) years, and 86.2% of participants reported continuing to suffer from the loss, with a 10.5% prevalence of maladaptive grieving. Regarding the associations identified between coping strategies and the interpersonal characteristics of the mourners, we found that those with the best coping scores described themselves as self-confident, boastful, jovial, forceful, gentle-hearted, self-assured, outgoing, and/or neighbourly. By contrast, mourners who obtained poorer coping scores self-identified as shy, unsparkling, timid, unsociable, unbold, and/or bashful. This provides a clinical profile linked to maladaptive grieving in which emotional, self-perception, and social problems are prevalent.

Actividad científica enfermera y congresos: uso y abuso / Nurses scientific activity and congresses: use and abuse

Objetivo principal: Describir las características de la participación en eventos científicos de las enfermeras y de la producción científica asociada a los mismos. Metodología: estudio exploratorio descriptivo transversal con encuesta ad hoc distribuida online y con muestreo de bola de nieve. Resultados principales: 1033 respuestas válidas. Los perfiles que más participan en congresos son hombres (30,3 % p<0,01) y enfermeras residentes (7,85 % p<0,01). Casi un tercio de las personas que trabajan en la práctica clínica (31,1 %) no asiste a ningún evento ni presenta trabajos y de ellas la mitad (un 14,3% del total), no tiene titulación de postgrado. 16,84 % dice presentar el mismo trabajo en varios eventos y este grupo se correlaciona significativamente tanto con quienes presentan más comunicaciones (p<0,05) como pósteres (p<0,05). Solo un 2,70 % manifiestan presentar un número extraordinario de comunicaciones en eventos (más de 11 en un año) y el 2,22 % de póster. Se trata de personas significativamente más jóvenes (31,8±8,09) con titulación de máster propio u oficial y con menos experiencia profesional. Conclusión principal: Se relacionan claramente las prácticas poco éticas con el incentivo de estar valoradas en las bolsas de empleo y carrera profesional especialmente en las enfermeras más jóvenes.(AU)

Objective: to describe the characteristics of the participation in scientific events of spanish nurses and scientific production associated with them. Method: cross-sectional descriptive study with Ad-Hoc online survey distributed; with snowball sampling. Results: 1033 valid answers. The profiles that participate more in congresses are men (30,3 % p <0.01) and resident nurses (7,85 % p <0,01). Almost a third part of people who work in clinical practice (31,1 %) do not attend at any event, and half of them (14,3 % of the total) do not have a postgraduate degree. 16,84 % say they present the same abstract in several events and this group correlates significantly with those who present more communications (p <0,05) and posters (p <0,05). Only 2,70 % claim to present an extraordinary number of communications in scientifics events (more than 11 in a year). These are significantly younger people (31.8 ± 8.09) with a master's degree and with less professional experience. Only 2,70 % present an extraordinary number of communications and 2,22% poster. Conclusions: The unethical practices are clearly related to the incentive for being valued in the employment and profesional careers, especially in youngest nurses.(AU)

Nursing Diagnoses, Planned Outcomes and Associated Interventions with Highly Complex Chronic Patients in Primary Care Settings: An Observational Study.

The information logged by nurses on electronic health records (EHRs) using standardised nursing languages can help us identify the characteristics of highly complex chronic patients (HCCP) by focusing on care in terms of patients' health needs. The aim of this study was to describe the profile of HCCPs using EHRs from primary care (PC) facilities, presenting patients' characteristics, functional status based on health patterns, NANDA-I nursing diagnoses, health goals based on Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), and care interventions using Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). With an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, epidemiological study design, this study was carried out with a sample of 51,374 individuals. The variables were grouped into sociodemographic variables, clinical variables, resources, functional status (health patterns), nursing diagnoses, outcomes, and interventions. A total of 57.4% of the participants were women, with a mean age of 73.3 (12.2), and 51% were frail or dependent. Prevalent conditions included high blood pressure (87.2%), hyperlipidaemia (80%), osteoarthritis (67.8%), and diabetes (56.1%). The participants were frequent users of healthcare services, with 12.1% admitted to hospital in the past year. Some 49.2% had one to four health patterns assessed, with more information on biological and functional aspects than on psychosocial aspects. The mean number of nursing diagnoses was 7.3 (5.2), NOC outcomes 5.1 (4.1), and NIC interventions 8.1 (6.9). Moderately and highly significant differences were observed between dysfunction in physical activity/exercise health pattern and age group, and between dysfunction in other health patterns and classification as a frail or dependent elderly person. Regarding the presence of certain nursing diagnoses, significant differences were observed by age group, classification of elderly person status, and presence of diseases. A total of 20 NIC interventions showed moderately or relatively strong associations for older age groups, higher levels of dependency, and chronic health conditions.

Use of the Nursing Interventions Classification and Nurses' Workloads: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: The Nursing Interventions Classification allows the systematic organisation of care treatments performed by nurses, and an estimation of the time taken to carry out the intervention is included in its characteristics. The aim of this study is to explore the evidence related to the use of the Nursing Interventions Classification in identifying and measure nurses' workloads. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted through a search of the databases Ovid Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS and Cuiden. The DeCS/MeSH descriptors were: "Standardized Nursing terminology" and "Workload". The search was limited to articles in Spanish, English and Portuguese. No limits were established regarding year of publication or type of study. RESULTS: Few reports were identified (n = 8) and these had methodological designs that contributed low levels of evidence. Research was focused on identifying specific interventions, types of activities, the prevalence of interventions and the time required to perform them. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence found on determination of nurses' workloads using the Nursing Interventions Classification was inconclusive. It is essential to increase the number of reports, as well as the settings and clinical context in which the Nursing Interventions Classification is used, with greater quality and methodological rigour.

Care Needs of Highly Complex Chronic Patients in the Canary Islands: An Observational Study.

In the last few decades, the impact of chronic health conditions on health systems, as well as on the quality of life, frailty, and dependence of those affected, has been brought to light. The objective of this study was to describe the population care needs of highly complex chronic patients (HCCPs). METHODS: An epidemiological observational study was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 13,262 patients were identified, 51% of which were elderly women. Among all patients, 84.4% had received a nursing assessment related to health patterns. Three diagnoses were established in 25% of the sample: readiness for enhanced health management, impaired skin integrity, and risk for falls. There were significant differences according to age, most importantly in terms of impaired skin integrity (39% of patients under 80 years old). Risk for falls, social isolation, situational low self-esteem, chronic low self-esteem, impaired home maintenance, anxiety, ineffective health management, ineffective coping, impaired memory, insomnia, and self-care deficits were more common in those living alone. A total of 37 diagnoses featured differences according to frailty/dependence. Approximately 23% of HCCPs suffered from frail elderly syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the most common care needs of HCCPs, describing the sociodemographic profile of this part of the population. The planning of HCCP care varies in nature. Factors such as the dependence level and frailty of these people should be taken into consideration.

Adaptación al español y validación de la Escala de Continuidad de Vínculos (ECV) con el ser querido fallecido / Adaptação ao espanhol e validação da escala de continuidade de vínculos (ECV) com o amado falecido / Spanish adaptation and validation of the Continuig Bonds Scale (CBS) with the deceased loved one

Este estudio presenta la validación española de la Escala de Continuidad deVínculos (ECV) compuesta por dos dimensiones: Interiorizada (10 ítems) y exteriorizada(6 ítems). Primero se realizó la traducción-retrotraducción. En la puesta a pruebaparticiparon 255 dolientes de Canarias (España) quienes respondieron mediante encuesta(febrero-marzo 2021). Perfil: mujeres, mediana edad, estudios superiores, laboralmenteactivas, tiempo desde la pérdida de 2-5 años y parentesco más común, progenitores. Laconsistencia interna arrojó un α de Cronbach=0,914 y correlaciones ítems-puntuacióntotal aceptables, en rangos 0,478-0,720. En fiabilidad test-retest las puntuaciones deacuerdo fueron excelentes (CCI=0,889; 0,795-0,940). En validación convergente, unacorrelación con la Escala de inclusión del otro en el yo de rs=-0,402 (p<0,001), niveladecuado. Para la validez de constructo concurrente las puntuaciones totales secorrelacionaron con variables sumatorias de duelo prolongado de Prigerson ydiagnósticos enfermeros NANDA-I: rs=0,568, rs=0,391, rs=0,408, y rs=0,446 (p<0,001).El análisis factorial confirmó dos dimensiones y la varianza total explicada fue 57,153%.Por último, la validez de grupos conocidos mostró diferencias según sexo, parentesco ycausa de muerte. La ECV adaptada y validada al contexto español, ECoVin, resulta uninstrumento válido, fiable y fácil de usar para evaluar la continuidad de vínculos con seresqueridos fallecidos.(AU)

This study presents the Spanish validation of the Continuituing Bonds Scale(CBS) composed of two dimensions: Internalised (10 items) and externalised (6 items).First, translation-retro translation was carried out. A total of 255 mourners from theCanary Islands (Spain) participated in the test and responded through a survey (February-March 2021). Profile: women, middle-aged, higher education, active at work, time sinceloss 2-5 years and most common relationship, parents. Internal consistency yielded aCronbach's α=0.914 and good item-total score correlations, ranging 0.478-0.720. In test-retest reliability, agreement scores were excellent (ICC=0.889; 0.795-0.940). Inconvergent validation, a correlation with the Inclusion of the Other in the Self (IOS) scaleof rs=-0.402 (p<0.001) was adequate. For concurrent construct validity total scorescorrelated with summative variables of Prigerson prolonged grief and NANDA-I nursingdiagnoses: rs=0.568, rs=0.391, rs=0.408, and rs=0.446 (p<0.001). Factor analysisconfirmed two dimensions, and the total variance explained was 57.153%. Finally,known-group validity showed differences according to sex, kinship and cause of death.The CBS adapted and validated to the Spanish context, ECoVin, is a valid, reliable andeasy-to-use instrument to assess the continuity of bonds with deceased loved ones.(AU)

Este estudo apresenta a validação espanhola da Escala de Continuidade deVínculos (ECV) composta por duas dimensões: internalizada (10 itens) e externalizada(6 itens). A tradução-retrotradução foi realizada primeiro. 255 enlutados das IlhasCanárias (Espanha) participaram do teste e responderam por meio de um inquérito(fevereiro-março de 2021). Perfil: mulheres, meia-idade, ensino superior, trabalho ativo,tempo desde a perda de 2-5 anos e relacionamento mais comum, pais. A consistênciainterna rendeu α de Cronbach = 0,914 e correlações item-pontuação total aceitáveis, emintervalos de 0,478-0,720. Na confiabilidade teste-reteste, os escores de concordânciaforam excelentes (ICC = 0,889; 0,795-0,940). Na validação convergente, correlação coma Escala de inclusão do outro no self de rs=-0,402 (p <0,001), nível adequado. Para avalidade de construto concorrente, os escores totais foram correlacionados com asvariáveis de soma do luto prolongado de Prigerson e os diagnósticos de enfermagem daNANDA-I: rs=0,568, rs=0,391, rs=0,408 e rs=0,446 (p <0,001). A análise fatorialconfirmou duas dimensões e a variância total explicada foi de 57,153%. Por fim, avalidade dos grupos conhecidos mostrou diferenças quanto ao sexo, parentesco e causada morte. O ECV adaptado e validado para o contexto espanhol, ECoVin, é uminstrumento válido, confiável e fácil de usar para avaliar a continuidade dos laços comamados falecidos.(AU)

A New Instrument for Measuring Dietary Knowledge in Patients With Diabetes: Psychometric Testing of the CoNOCidiet-Diabetes.

PURPOSE: To determine the psychometric properties of the CoNOCidiet-Diabetes, a new instrument based on nursing outcome "Knowledge: prescribed diet." METHODS: Methodological design. The participant were 359 patients diagnosed with diabetes visiting 27 primary healthcare centers in Spain. Reliability (internal consistency and test-retest), validity (convergent criterion validity, concurrent content validity and known-groups validity), and sensitivity to change was tested. FINDINGS: CoNOCidiet-Diabetes has shown evidence of acceptable psychometric properties as instrument but some items should be revised. CONCLUSIONS: This research provides a new instrument developed to specifically measure dietary knowledge in individuals with diabetes. IMPLICATIONS: For nursing practice: The literalness of the CoNOCidiet-Diabetes with the nursing outcome "Knowledge: prescribed diet" facilitate its measurement using the patient's statements.

OBJETIVO: Determinar las propiedades psicométricas del CoNOCidiet-Diabetes, un nuevo instrumento basado en el resultado enfermero "Conocimiento: dieta prescrita". MÉTODOS: Diseño metodológico. Los participantes fueron 359 pacientes diagnosticados de diabetes que acudieron a 27 centros de atención primaria de salud en España. Se comprobó la fiabilidad (consistencia interna y test-retest), la validez (validez de criterio convergente, validez de contenido concurrente y validez de grupos conocidos) y la sensibilidad al cambio. RESULTADOS: El CoNOCidiet-Diabetes ha mostrado evidencias de tener unas propiedades psicométricas aceptables como instrumento, pero algunos ítems deben ser revisados. CONCLUSIONES: Esta investigación proporciona un nuevo instrumento desarrollado para medir específicamente el conocimiento sobre dieta en personas con diabetes. IMPLICACIONES PARA LA PRÉCTICA ENFERMERA: La literalidad del CoNOCidiet-Diabetes con el resultado enfermero "Conocimiento: dieta prescrita" facilita la medición de este último utilizando las declaraciones del paciente.

El humor como intervención enfermera / Humor as a nursing intervention

OBJETIVOS: Describir el uso del humor en la práctica enfermera y los conocimientos sobre esta intervención; analizar factores asociados a su utilización y al nivel de conocimientos. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, realizado mediante encuesta distribuida por correo electrónico y redes sociales, con variables sociodemográficas y otras relacionadas con el humor como intervención enfermera. El análisis descriptivo se realiza mediante frecuencia de categorías y media con desviación estándar o mediana y percentiles 5-95. Para el análisis bivariante se utilizan correlaciones de Pearson-Spearman, T de Student, ANOVA de un factor y Chi-Cuadrado. Todas son pruebas bilaterales, nivel de significación p < 0.05, realizadas con el programa SPSS V.21.0. RESULTADOS: Participaron 224 enfermeras, 75,4 % mujeres, con 42 (±10) años y 19,8 (±9.5) de experiencia. El 84,9 %, en función asistencial y el 46,4 %, de ámbito hospitalario. El 99,1 % opina que el humor influye positivamente en la salud y un 72,3 %, que existe evidencia al respecto; mientras que un 59,4 % describe poca evidencia disponible sobre el efecto positivo del humor como intervención enfermera. El 95,3 % refiere utilizarlo con compañeros, y un 87,3 %, con pacientes. El 63,8 % no reconoce el humor como intervención de la clasificación Diagnósticos de Enfermería Nanda (NIC). Sobre los conocimientos relacionados con sus actividades, la media de aciertos fue de 11,3 (±1.7) sobre 15. El análisis bivariado indica significación estadística en la asociación de distintas variables. CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio representa una aproximación a la utilización del humor en nuestro contexto profesional, donde destaca un uso habitual por parte de las enfermeras. Sin embargo, existe desconocimiento sobre su pertenencia a la NIC

OBJECTIVES: To describe the use of humor in nursing practice and the knowledge about this intervention; to analyze factors associated with their use and the level of knowledge. METHOD: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out using a survey distributed by email and social networks, with socio-demographic variables and others related to humor as a nurse intervention. The descriptive analysis is made by the frequency of categories and means with standard deviation or median and percentiles 5-95. For the bivariate analysis Pearson-Spearman correlations, Student's T, one-factor ANOVA and Chi-square are used. All are bilateral tests, level of significance p <0.05. RESULTS: 224 nurses participated, 75.4 % of them were women, they were 42 (± 10) years old and had 19.8 (± 9.5) years of experience. 84.9 % work in professional care and 46.4 %, in the hospital setting. 99.1 % think that humor positively influences health and 72.3 %, that there is evidence, while 59.4 % describe little evidence available on the positive effect of humor as a nurse intervention. 95.3 % reported using it with colleagues and 87.3 %, with patients. 63.8 % do not recognize humor as an intervention of the NIC classification. Regarding knowledge related to NANDA Nursing Diagnoses (NIC) activities, the mean of correct answers was 11.3 (± 1.7) out of 15. The bivariate analysis indicates statistical significance in the association between different variables. CONCLUSIONS: This study can be an approximation of the use of humor in our professional context, highlighting its frequent use by nurses. However, there is a lack of knowledge about their listing in the NIC classification

Intervenciones y criterios de resultado planificados por las enfermeras comunitarias en la atención al duelo en Canarias / Bereavement care interventions and outcome criteria planned by community nurses in the Canary Islands

La atención de enfermería ante un caso de duelo es compleja. En el tratamiento del duelo, poco se sabe sobre el plan de cuidados planificado por las enfermeras de Atención Primaria. Objetivo: Conocer los criterios de resultado e intervenciones planificadas por las enfermeras para los dolientes con y sin complicaciones en la comunidad autónoma de Canarias. Método: Estudio retrospectivo transversal, realizado con los registros de la historia clínica informatizada de Atención Primaria del Servicio Canario de la Salud en aquellos pacientes diagnosticados de duelo, riesgo de duelo complicado y duelo complicado en el periodo 2009-2014. Resultados: Se registran criterios de resultado NOC en el 67% de los dolientes, identificando hasta 24 diferentes. Los principales en la atención del doliente con complicaciones son: Resolución de la aflicción; Modificación psicosocial, cambio de vida; Afrontamiento de problemas; Afrontamiento de los problemas de la familia; Clima social de la familia y Salud emocional del cuidador principal. El resto está presente en menos del 1% de los dolientes. Pese a que los criterios de resultado que proponen las enfermeras en los dolientes con y sin complicaciones son bastante homogéneos, se encuentran diferencias en las intervenciones. Se registran intervenciones NIC en el 67%. Se identifican 99 intervenciones diferentes en los dolientes, siendo las más frecuentes en aquellos en los que registró alguna intervención: Apoyo emocional; Facilitar el duelo; Escucha activa; Aumentar el afrontamiento y Asesoramiento. El resto de intervenciones identificadas está presente en menos del 5% de los pacientes. Se realizan más en los dolientes con complicaciones: Facilitar el duelo; Aumentar el afrontamiento; Escucha activa; Asesoramiento y Estimulación de la integridad familiar. Conclusión: Los registros enfermeros demuestran que hay más intervenciones y resultados planificados en dolientes con complicaciones. Dados los pocos estudios metodológicamente confiables que prueban su efectividad, se recomienda continuar la investigación en esta área

Nursing care in bereavement is complex. Primary health care is the ideal setting to support the bereaved, but we do not know much about the care plans designed by primary health care nurses in the treatment of grief. Objective: To identify the outcomes criteria and interventions planned by nurses for mourners with and without complications in the Canary Islands. Method: Retrospective longitudinal study, using the electronic health records of the Canary Islands health service of people with a diagnosis of grieving, risk of complicated grieving and complicated grieving, in the period 2009-2014. Results: NOC outcomes criteria were recorded in 67% of the mourners, and up to 24 different outcomes were identified. The main outcomes measures were Grief resolution; Psychosocial adjustment, Life change; Coping; Family coping; Family social climate and Caregiver emotional health. The remaining outcomes were present in less than 1% of the mourners. Although the outcomes criteria proposed by nurses in the mourners with and without complications were quite homogeneous, differences in interventions were found. In 67% of the cases, NIC interventions were reported. Ninety-nine different interventions were identified in the mourners; the most frequent were Emotional support; Grief work facilitation; Active listening; Coping enhancement and counselling. The remaining identified interventions were present in less than 5% of patients. The main interventions in the mourners with complications were Grief work facilitation; Coping enhancement; Active listening; Counselling and Family integrity promotion. Conclusion: Nurses state that there are more interventions and outcomes in mourners with complications. Given the few methodologically reliable studies that prove their effectiveness, continued research in this area is recommended

Bereavement care interventions and outcome criteria planned by community nurses in the Canary Islands. / Intervenciones y criterios de resultado planificados por las enfermeras comunitarias en la atención al duelo en Canarias.

Nursing care in bereavement is complex. Primary health care is the ideal setting to support the bereaved, but we do not know much about the care plans designed by primary health care nurses in the treatment of grief. OBJECTIVE: To identify the outcomes criteria and interventions planned by nurses for mourners with and without complications in the Canary Islands. METHOD: Retrospective longitudinal study, using the electronic health records of the Canary Islands health service of people with a diagnosis of grieving, risk of complicated grieving and complicated grieving, in the period 2009-2014. RESULTS: NOC outcomes criteria were recorded in 67% of the mourners, and up to 24 different outcomes were identified. The main outcomes measures were Grief resolution; Psychosocial adjustment, Life change; Coping; Family coping; Family social climate and Caregiver emotional health. The remaining outcomes were present in less than 1% of the mourners. Although the outcomes criteria proposed by nurses in the mourners with and without complications were quite homogeneous, differences in interventions were found. In 67% of the cases, NIC interventions were reported. Ninety-nine different interventions were identified in the mourners; the most frequent were Emotional support; Grief work facilitation; Active listening; Coping enhancement and counselling. The remaining identified interventions were present in less than 5% of patients. The main interventions in the mourners with complications were Grief work facilitation; Coping enhancement; Active listening; Counselling and Family integrity promotion. CONCLUSION: Nurses state that there are more interventions and outcomes in mourners with complications. Given the few methodologically reliable studies that prove their effectiveness, continued research in this area is recommended.

Hacia un modelo enfermero para entender la pérdida y el duelo / Moving towards a nursing model to understand bereavement and loss

No disponible

Blogged nursing: analysis of the phenomenon and contextualization in the Spanish setting.

Blogging within the health profession has grown in the recent past. This article aims to perform an analysis of the theoretical aspects of blogging, the use by professional nurses and students, benefits for patients, and, finally, an approach to the activities of Spanish nursing blogs. Blogs have great advantages as social communication tools. Immediacy in content update, closeness to information consumers, and compatibility with other Web 2.0 tools are points to be highlighted. Nurses use blogs for education and communication with other health professionals, students, and patients. For patients, therapeutic effects have been demonstrated in using blogging to share their health problems and express their experiential viewpoints. There are about 80 blogs written by Spanish nurses; most of them originated in the period between 2010 and 2012. These blogs are targeted to professionals (59%), patients (20%), or mixed (13%). There is a great heterogeneity in content: informative style (20%), opinion (28%), narrative (9%), experiential (2%), or humorous (2%). Nursing language is present in 15%, research and evidence-based practice in 13%, and protocols, guidelines, and procedures in 11% of them. We propose the need to plan institutional strategies for effective use of Web 2.0 resources as well as the need to unify criteria to provide quality content.

Hacia una visión constructivista del Duelo / Going to a constructivist model of grief

Recientemente NANDA ha revisado su diagnóstico 00136 Duelo (antes Duelo anticipado). La nueva definición de este diagnóstico aprobado en 1980, incluye sutiles cambios que identifican al fenómeno como un proceso normal que incluye respuestas emocionales, físicas, espirituales, intelectuales y sociales. Esto supone un paso hacia la adopción desde la disciplina enfermera de una visión constructivista del duelo, desbancando las corrientes tradicionales que impregnan nuestro trabajo diario. En este artículo, pretendemos acercar al lector a una concepción de la muerte y el duelo desde una postura constructivista, estableciendo comparaciones entre esta tendencia y teorías tradicionales (AU)

Recently NANDA has modified his diagnosis 00136 Grief (previously titled "Aticipatory Grieving"). The new definition of this diagnosis - dates back of 1980 - includes aspects like emotional, physical, spiritual, intellectual and social answers to the grief; that identifies the grief as a normal response to loss. This supposes that nursing is going to a constructivist model (contemporary theory), not adopting traditional perspectives. In this article, we try to bring the reader over to a conception of the death, the grief and loss from a cognitive-constructivist model, doing a comparisons with traditional theories (AU)